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BrowserContext

BrowserContexts provide a way to operate multiple independent browser sessions.

If a page opens another page, e.g. with a window.open call, the popup will belong to the parent page's browser context.

Playwright allows creating isolated non-persistent browser contexts with Browser#new_context method. Non-persistent browser contexts don't write any browsing data to disk.

# create a new incognito browser context
context = browser.new_context

# create a new page inside context.
page = context.new_page
page.goto("https://example.com")

# dispose context once it is no longer needed.
context.close

add_cookies​

def add_cookies(cookies)

Adds cookies into this browser context. All pages within this context will have these cookies installed. Cookies can be obtained via BrowserContext#cookies.

Usage

browser_context.add_cookies([cookie_object1, cookie_object2])

add_init_script​

def add_init_script(path: nil, script: nil)

Adds a script which would be evaluated in one of the following scenarios:

  • Whenever a page is created in the browser context or is navigated.
  • Whenever a child frame is attached or navigated in any page in the browser context. In this case, the script is evaluated in the context of the newly attached frame.

The script is evaluated after the document was created but before any of its scripts were run. This is useful to amend the JavaScript environment, e.g. to seed Math.random.

Usage

An example of overriding Math.random before the page loads:

# in your playwright script, assuming the preload.js file is in same directory.
browser_context.add_init_script(path: "preload.js")

NOTE: The order of evaluation of multiple scripts installed via BrowserContext#add_init_script and Page#add_init_script is not defined.

background_pages​

def background_pages

NOTE: Background pages are only supported on Chromium-based browsers.

All existing background pages in the context.

browser​

def browser

Returns the browser instance of the context. If it was launched as a persistent context null gets returned.

clear_cookies​

def clear_cookies(domain: nil, name: nil, path: nil)

Removes cookies from context. Accepts optional filter.

Usage

context.clear_cookies()
context.clear_cookies(name: "session-id")
context.clear_cookies(domain: "my-origin.com")
context.clear_cookies(path: "/api/v1")
context.clear_cookies(name: "session-id", domain: "my-origin.com")

clear_permissions​

def clear_permissions

Clears all permission overrides for the browser context.

Usage

context = browser.new_context
context.grant_permissions(["clipboard-read"])

# do stuff ..

context.clear_permissions

close​

def close(reason: nil)

Closes the browser context. All the pages that belong to the browser context will be closed.

NOTE: The default browser context cannot be closed.

cookies​

def cookies(urls: nil)

If no URLs are specified, this method returns all cookies. If URLs are specified, only cookies that affect those URLs are returned.

expose_binding​

def expose_binding(name, callback, handle: nil)

The method adds a function called name on the window object of every frame in every page in the context. When called, the function executes callback and returns a Promise which resolves to the return value of callback. If the callback returns a Promise, it will be awaited.

The first argument of the callback function contains information about the caller: { browserContext: BrowserContext, page: Page, frame: Frame }.

See Page#expose_binding for page-only version.

Usage

An example of exposing page URL to all frames in all pages in the context:

browser_context.expose_binding("pageURL", ->(source) { source[:page].url })
page = browser_context.new_page

page.content = <<~HTML
<script>
  async function onClick() {
    document.querySelector('div').textContent = await window.pageURL();
  }
</script>
<button onclick="onClick()">Click me</button>
<div></div>
HTML

page.get_by_role("button").click

expose_function​

def expose_function(name, callback)

The method adds a function called name on the window object of every frame in every page in the context. When called, the function executes callback and returns a Promise which resolves to the return value of callback.

If the callback returns a Promise, it will be awaited.

See Page#expose_function for page-only version.

Usage

An example of adding a sha256 function to all pages in the context:

require 'digest'

def sha256(text)
  Digest::SHA256.hexdigest(text)
end

browser_context.expose_function("sha256", method(:sha256))
page = browser_context.new_page()
page.content = <<~HTML
<script>
  async function onClick() {
    document.querySelector('div').textContent = await window.sha256('PLAYWRIGHT');
  }
</script>
<button onclick="onClick()">Click me</button>
<div></div>
HTML
page.get_by_role("button").click

grant_permissions​

def grant_permissions(permissions, origin: nil)

Grants specified permissions to the browser context. Only grants corresponding permissions to the given origin if specified.

new_cdp_session​

def new_cdp_session(page)

NOTE: CDP sessions are only supported on Chromium-based browsers.

Returns the newly created session.

new_page​

def new_page(&block)

Creates a new page in the browser context.

pages​

def pages

Returns all open pages in the context.

route​

def route(url, handler, times: nil)

Routing provides the capability to modify network requests that are made by any page in the browser context. Once route is enabled, every request matching the url pattern will stall unless it's continued, fulfilled or aborted.

NOTE: BrowserContext#route will not intercept requests intercepted by Service Worker. See this issue. We recommend disabling Service Workers when using request interception by setting serviceWorkers to 'block'.

Usage

An example of a naive handler that aborts all image requests:

context = browser.new_context
page = context.new_page
context.route("**/*.{png,jpg,jpeg}", ->(route, request) { route.abort })
page.goto("https://example.com")

or the same snippet using a regex pattern instead:

context = browser.new_context
page = context.new_page
context.route(/\.(png|jpg)$/, ->(route, request) { route.abort })
page.goto("https://example.com")

It is possible to examine the request to decide the route action. For example, mocking all requests that contain some post data, and leaving all other requests as is:

def handle_route(route, request)
  if request.post_data["my-string"]
    mocked_data = request.post_data.merge({ "my-string" => 'mocked-data'})
    route.fulfill(postData: mocked_data)
  else
    route.continue
  end
end
context.route("/api/**", method(:handle_route))

Page routes (set up with Page#route) take precedence over browser context routes when request matches both handlers.

To remove a route with its handler you can use BrowserContext#unroute.

NOTE: Enabling routing disables http cache.

route_from_har​

def route_from_har(
      har,
      notFound: nil,
      update: nil,
      updateContent: nil,
      updateMode: nil,
      url: nil)

If specified the network requests that are made in the context will be served from the HAR file. Read more about Replaying from HAR.

Playwright will not serve requests intercepted by Service Worker from the HAR file. See this issue. We recommend disabling Service Workers when using request interception by setting serviceWorkers to 'block'.

service_workers​

def service_workers

NOTE: Service workers are only supported on Chromium-based browsers.

All existing service workers in the context.

set_default_navigation_timeout​

def set_default_navigation_timeout(timeout)

alias: default_navigation_timeout=

This setting will change the default maximum navigation time for the following methods and related shortcuts:

NOTE: Page#set_default_navigation_timeout and Page#set_default_timeout take priority over BrowserContext#set_default_navigation_timeout.

set_default_timeout​

def set_default_timeout(timeout)

alias: default_timeout=

This setting will change the default maximum time for all the methods accepting timeout option.

NOTE: Page#set_default_navigation_timeout, Page#set_default_timeout and BrowserContext#set_default_navigation_timeout take priority over BrowserContext#set_default_timeout.

set_extra_http_headers​

def set_extra_http_headers(headers)

alias: extra_http_headers=

The extra HTTP headers will be sent with every request initiated by any page in the context. These headers are merged with page-specific extra HTTP headers set with Page#set_extra_http_headers. If page overrides a particular header, page-specific header value will be used instead of the browser context header value.

NOTE: BrowserContext#set_extra_http_headers does not guarantee the order of headers in the outgoing requests.

set_geolocation​

def set_geolocation(geolocation)

alias: geolocation=

Sets the context's geolocation. Passing null or undefined emulates position unavailable.

Usage

browser_context.geolocation = { latitude: 59.95, longitude: 30.31667 }

NOTE: Consider using BrowserContext#grant_permissions to grant permissions for the browser context pages to read its geolocation.

set_offline​

def set_offline(offline)

alias: offline=

storage_state​

def storage_state(path: nil)

Returns storage state for this browser context, contains current cookies and local storage snapshot.

unroute_all​

def unroute_all(behavior: nil)

Removes all routes created with BrowserContext#route and BrowserContext#route_from_har.

unroute​

def unroute(url, handler: nil)

Removes a route created with BrowserContext#route. When handler is not specified, removes all routes for the url.

expect_console_message​

def expect_console_message(predicate: nil, timeout: nil, &block)

Performs action and waits for a ConsoleMessage to be logged by in the pages in the context. If predicate is provided, it passes ConsoleMessage value into the predicate function and waits for predicate(message) to return a truthy value. Will throw an error if the page is closed before the [event: BrowserContext.console] event is fired.

expect_event​

def expect_event(event, predicate: nil, timeout: nil, &block)

Waits for event to fire and passes its value into the predicate function. Returns when the predicate returns truthy value. Will throw an error if the context closes before the event is fired. Returns the event data value.

Usage

new_page = browser_context.expect_event('page') do
  page.get_by_role("button").click
end

expect_page​

def expect_page(predicate: nil, timeout: nil, &block)

Performs action and waits for a new Page to be created in the context. If predicate is provided, it passes Page value into the predicate function and waits for predicate(event) to return a truthy value. Will throw an error if the context closes before new Page is created.

clock​

Playwright has ability to mock clock and passage of time.

request​

API testing helper associated with this context. Requests made with this API will use context cookies.

tracing​